1．What is the purpose of ISM Audit? What is the Critical Equipment and System?

        ISM审核的目的是什么？系统中的关键设备指什么？

        Audit is the systematic and independent verification to determine whether ISM activities and results conform to planned arrangements and whether these arrangements are effectively preformed to achieve the objectives of the company and relevant maritime laws.These are those where sudden loss of functional capability or where failure to respond when activated manually or automatically may create high-risk situations or major accidents. For example, main engine, steering gear and so on.

        审核是系统地并且不受约束地去检验是否ISM活动和结果符合计划的安排，是否这些安排是预先有效地达到公司和海事法规的目标。指的是突然失去性能或者当手动或自动地作用时会造成高的危险情形或大的事故。例如，主机，舵机等等。

         2．What are the critical Operations and conditions?

        什么是关键操作和临界状态？

        Critical Operations and Conditions are those which have a significant risk of causing major injuries or illness to people, or damage to ship, cargo, other property and/or the environment.

        关键操作和临界状态是指能够引起对人员所造成重大伤害，造成船舶损坏，货物或其它的财产和环境的损坏的重大危险的操作。

        3. What does Non-Conformity mean? What is Major Non-Conformity?

        什么叫不符合？什么是重大不符合？

        Non-Conformity means an observed situation where the objective evidence indicates the Non-Fulfillment of a specified requirement. Major Non-Conformity is an identifiable deviation which poses a serious threat to personnel or ship safety or serious risk to environment. Which requires immediate correction the action. Lack of effective and systematic implementation of the ISM Code is also a Major Non-Conformity.

        不符合指的是观测到的情形而有客观的证据显示此情形没有执行规定的要求。重大不符合是指一个确定的违背，其对人员或船舶的安全／环境造成了严重的威胁。此种违背要求立即去改正。对ISM规则缺乏有效的和系统的执行同样也是一个重大不符合。

        4．What is a near accident? Please give an example to show your understanding.

        什么叫险情？请举例说明。

        The near accident is a kind of potential danger. If it is worse, it will become an accident. For example, two ships are in close quarters situation.

        险情是一种潜在的危险。如果恶化的话，他会变成一个事故。例如，两条船非常靠近地航行。

        5．What should be paid attention to in the overhaul of cylinder?

        在气缸大修过程中应该注意什么？

        Every operation must be complied with the preparation measures regulated in the safety meeting or in the SMS. All safety measures must be observed, such as persons should not stand under the engine room crane. The operator, who operated the E/R crane, must operate carefully and smoothly.

        每一个操作者都要遵守安全会议或SMS所要求的预防措施。切实遵守各项安全措施，像人员不能站立在机舱的天车下。操作天车的人员必须小心，平稳的操作。

        6．Before entering an enclosed space such as ballast tank, what action will you take?

        在进入封闭空间前，（如压载水舱）应作什么准备工作？

        Prepare tools. Check all items in the checklist, such as test of content of oxygen, test of explosion point, exploded-proof lamp, good ventilation. Communication means should be available between operators inside and watchman outside and so on. Operators should wear protective clothing a breathing apparatus, a helmet, working boots, lifeline. Also a mark plate “Dangerous Operation in Progress” should be established at the entrance.准备工具。

        核对检查单并检查所有项目，如测量氧气含量，检验爆炸点，防爆灯和通风。进入里面的人和外面值守的人要建立可靠的通讯。操作者应该穿防护衣和携带呼吸器，戴安全帽，穿工作鞋，携带安全绳。同样在进入口要放一个告示牌：“在进行危险操作”。

        7．Please tell me the minimum safe oxygen percentage for the safety of the workers in an enclosed space.

        请说出进入封闭舱室需要的安全氧气含量

        More than 18% and no more than 23% of oxygen in an enclosed space will be ok for the safety of the workers.

        大于18％，小于23％ 的氧气含量是安全的。

        8．Have you ever seen SOPEP? What is SOPEP?(Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan)

        您知道SOPEP吗？什么是SOPEP？（船舶油污应急计划）

        Yes, of course. SOPEP stands for Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan.

        是的，当然。SOPEP代表船舶油污应急计划。

        9．What information you could receive form SOPEP

        从SOPEP中你能得到什么信息？

        The SOPEP should contain (but not limited to )the following content; Procedures to be followed by the Master or other crew in case of oil pollution. Pollution reporting system and the authority or persons to becontacted in the event of pollution including the telephone numbers etc. Detailed description of actions to be taken immediately by personson board to reduce or control the discharge of oil after the incident. List of oil spill response equipment to be maintained and prepared on board.(Removers, sprayer, oil absorbent, saw dust, sand, waste rags, scoop. Shovels, buckets, bamboo brooms, portable pump, protective clothing, portable containers.). The essence of the Plan is to avoid any possible oil leakage and oil pollution.Simply speaking, SOPEP should include such things as emergency contacts (telephone and other communication means, address etc), the equipment used in detailing with oil pollution, the muster list for oil pollution, the report procedure when the accident happens etc. SOPEP is compulsory on board most of the ships according to the ISM code.IOPP is the certificate for the vessel that is qualified for the requirements issued by the class on oil pollution prevention.

        SOPEP应该包括但不限于以下内容；一旦发生油污染船长和其它船员要遵守的程序。在溢油事件过程中，污染报告系统和要联系的机构或人员包括电话等等。污染事件发生后，船上人员要立即采取行动去减少或控制油排放的详细描述。船上要备有要求的防污染设备随时可用（去油剂，喷雾剂，吸油剂，锯末，沙，破布，锹，铲子，桶，竹扫把，移动泵，防护衣，可移动容器）计划的本质就是去避免任何可能的漏油和溢油。简单地说，SOPEP应该包括像应急联系（电话和其它的通讯方法，地址等等），处理溢油所用的设备，溢油应变部署表，发生事故时的报告程序。根据ISM规则，SOPEP在大多数船上是强制要求的。当船舶符合防污染要求时，船舶会得到船级社签发的IOPP证书。

        10．Could you list international conventions concerning marine shipping?

        您能列出有关海运的国际公约吗？

        There are many conventions. For example: SOLARS, STCW95, MARPOL73/78…..

        有许多公约。像。。。。。